Government entitlement programs are coming home to roost. In June, scholars at George Mason University wrote,
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Pension plans operated by state governments on behalf of their employees are underfunded by an estimated $452 billion according to official reports,1 with total liabilities of $2.8 trillion and total assets of $2.3 trillion in 2008. However, many economists argue that even these daunting liabilities are understated. Current public sector accounting methods allow plans to assume they can earn high investment returns without any risk. Using methods that are required for private sector pensions, which value pension liabilities according to likelihood of payment rather than the return expected on pension assets, total liabilities amount to $5.2 trillion and the unfunded liability rises to $3 trillion.2 The ability of governments to pay for the retirement benefits promised to public sector workers runs up against the reality of limited resources.
On December 19, CBS 60 Minutes did a special on how public-sector pensions are strangling America’s taxpayers and economy airing interviews with leaders in New Jersey, Illinois, and California, where states are facing bankruptcy if they do not make dramatic changes to entitlement programs. A shift in philosophy of government is required.
For too long many Americans have been operating on a naïve assumption that governments can care for citizens, rather than the truth that governments depend on citizens. Democracies are built from the bottom up. They require self-reliant citizens. A few welfare recipients can be supported if the majority citizens are caring for themselves and paying taxes, but what happens when the majority expects other people to pay for their living expenses and entitlements? The math doesn’t work. Corporate America already learned this lesson.
For the last 20 years or more corporate restructuring that routinely involves the elimination of pension funds has been taking place. However, talk about the elimination of public sector pensions or restructuring Social Security has been a taboo nobody has dared to face, even if the philosophical underpinnings have been based on a ponzi scheme that relies on constant population growth and a guarantee of our own security at someone else’s expense.
There are basically two segments left in our society in which an entitlement to pensions at someone else’s expense exists, government and education. These two segments still operate on the corporate industrial model of the 1940s and 1950s, where unlimited growth and the eternal lifespan of corporations were assumed. While the United States remained an industrial frontier, and our economy was not affected by global competition, this model worked for a while for many U.S. corporations. But since the 1980s, one of the primary causalities of mergers and acquisitions was pension funds. This restructuring was necessary to compete with global corporations that did not factor such corporate overhead into the cost of their products.
Government pensions at all levels have been paid for by tax dollars, and after taxes could no longer be raised to support government entitlements, governments have attempted to borrow money to cover these obligations; or they have sought to get bailed out by higher state or federal governments. Ultimately, passing obligations up to the federal government with debt-financing by printing money to cover entitlements is a ponzi scheme. Unlike borrowing money to finance an industry that creates more wealth than is borrowed, such borrowing simply redistributes the principal and accumulates debt on the interest. This created a house of cards that has now begun to collapse.
Incentives to transfer government plans to private retirement insurance
The United States was designed as a government of the people. It was set up as a limited constitutional government that expected people would care for themselves. In my book Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness, Version 4.0, I documented how this philosophy was gradually undermined over a period of more than 150 years, with the (unconstitutional) Federal Income Tax creating a large pool of new money in Washington, which enticed special interests, lower governments, and Washington bureaucrats all to pass unsustainable legislation. Social Security was one of the earliest in a long line of programs that began to discourage personal responsibility for retirement.
While government pension programs worked in their initial stage, their long-term unsustainability has now hit governments with the predictable backlash. These programs need to be phased out immediately and replaced with programs managed by individual citizens or they will collapse, leaving governments at all levels bankrupt, and leaving older people who are vulnerable and dependent out in the cold, like their counterparts in the Soviet Union, when that system collapsed in 1991.
We can avoid a similar calamity if we transfer pensions and entitlements to private plans, managed by individual citizens. However, we cannot leave private individuals on unsound financial plans proposed in the Bush era and criticized by Democrats as “putting your retirement in the stock market.” Most people know that stock markets are too unreliable, and that if private pensions were unregulated, many people would put retirements into risky and irresponsible plans. We would again end up with large numbers of elderly citizens in situations like the 1930s when Social Security was originally implemented.
Make Private Annuities Mandatory
Private annuities already exist and many people use them to supplement social security in their retirement. Why not simply make them mandatory? If every person has a viable retirement program, then governments will not have to watch entitlement programs bring them into bankruptcy.
How would such annuities be enforced? The method would be similar to that used for proof of car insurance before license plates are issued. Each year when income taxes are filed the citizen would need to show proof of an annuity policy that contained a payout at a minimum of what social security would pay.
All new entrants to the US workforce would be required to adopt the private retirement system, and all existing workers could be offered the opportunity to abandon social security and substitute it with a personal insurance plan.
There is a precedent in exempting some Amish groups from Social Security if they have an alternative retirement plan in place in their own community. Let’s only get the government involved when people fail to care for themselves.
Local Governments and Corporations could Pay into Private Plans
If local governments or corporations want to contribute to employee retirements, they should be allowed to pay into private employee plans while they are employees, but they should be forbidden by law to establish new plans that they themselves administer. Originally the U.S. founders made it unconstitutional for the U.S. government to engage in social welfare, and for good reason; such programs undermine sound government. However, if society is structured so as to encourage individual citizens to behave responsibly and plan for their own retirements, then such a burden on governments can be avoided.
We need a paradigm shift that places responsibility back into the hands of citizens, without the laissez-faire attitude that allows citizens to behave irresponsibly and later become a public burden. In this way governments can maintain a safety net without providing entitlements to everyone on a ponzi-scheme philosophy. In Chile, 95% of the population is on private retirement plans.
As I explained in my book, modern societies are divided into three components, culture, economy, and government. When institutions in one of these spheres try to take over the role of one of the other spheres, we inevitably have either poverty or tyranny, or both. Modern bureaucratic governments do not have the same incentives as communities, churches, or businesses, and they are not equipped to solve social problems like providing for retirement. However, governments can protect citizens from causing social harm by creating laws that require citizens to either prepare for their own future, or accept a government subsistence plan by force of taxation instead.
Further, in an ideal situation, the taxing authority would be the county or state, because personal retirement, as other social programs should follow the principle of subsidiarity or, “the greatest responsibility to the lowest possible level.” Incidentally, following this principle leads to greater happiness. People are happier when they live their own lives rather than accepting some institutional master’s plan for their life.
